Thermostat wire colors are not standardized. Any installer can use any color they want for any wire.
However, it's obvious that the designers of furnaces were talking to the makers of thermostat cable. Cables are made in 2-wire, 3-wire, 4-wire, 5-wire etc. The colors are used in this order: Red, White, Green, Yellow, Blue, Orange.
If we sort furnace wires by popularity of use, we get this:
R = 24-volt supply to furnace
W = "Call for Heat" (short to R if you want heat)
G = "Call for furnace air handler to run its Fan Only"
Y = "Call for A/C"
See how clever that is? The terminal codes are chosen so the installer can simply match letters to wire colors.
"Can" being the operative word. There's no accounting for idiocy.
Also, sometimes a section of the wiring doesn't need all 5-6 wires - e.g. the branch wire to the A/C actually does not need R or W, it needs Y and C. However 2-wire thermostat cable is manufactured red and white. So expect to see red Y and white C in that location.
My theory
My theory is that you're looking at 2 completely different cables there. The cable that goes to the thermostat is not the same cable as the one going to the relay-transformer (if what's what that is).
Just because it's the first cable end you found, doesn't mean it's the only cable end.
It's clear that what's going to the relay-transformer is simply /3 thermostat cable. Go back and guess which colors /3 cable is. Right first time :) Et voilà, we see red-white-green wires. Remember what I said about branches might change the wire colors? A more fastidious installer might have re-marked the white wire black there to indicate that it's not W.
So you're looking in the wrong place. You have not found the other end of the thermostat cable.