Is it normal for a freestanding pergola to wobble a little bit?

Question

We built our first pergola (20'x 18' x 10' tall). We used cedar with 6 - 6x6 posts with 30-inch concrete footings attached with 1/2" J bolts to OWT/OZCO post bases. We have double 2x8 beams that span ~10ft with 2x6 rafters that span ~18ft and are connected with Simpson Hurricane Ties. Post to beam connections were made with 8-inch OWT timer bolts. I also put ~2ft braces up everywhere that I could. There were some issues with the patio not being level so I used some wood and stainless steel shims to ensure that the posts make good contact with the post bases and reduce any extra play.

On paper, I felt like everything seemed okay, and in a static situation or with light force the structure seems to be stable. The issue I noticed is that if I give it a hard push or if I try to rock it back and forth in the direction parallel with the rafters, the structure still wobbles a bit. It is pretty solid when you try to move it in the direction of the beams (this is the direction with 3 posts instead of 2) so I am not really worried about that.

We really like how it turned out but wanted to get other opinions on whether or not this would be considered safe. I don't want anyone to get hurt for the sake of my pride if we were to leave it alone.

Are there any suggestions on how to make it more sturdy? Would larger braces on the side with only 2 posts help? I also saw Simpson has some knee brace stabilizers and was thinking maybe those would work better than just the timber screws I used for the braces?

Edit: Adding photos of diagonal brace connections

Video of wobbling when forcefully shaking one of the posts: https://drive.google.com/open?id=15B0GaEV4My2gBfh_8d0WrulkR2FXMe2_

Answer 1

I think you've got several issues:

1. I don't think that the single screw holding each end of the bracing in place is sufficient.
   1. You might consider adding a 2nd screw at each end of each diagonal brace.
   2. I would put the 2nd screw at a different angle than the original (i.e. if the original lower screw is horizontal, add a 2nd screw at a 45° angle up).
   3. This may help provide some additional stiffness. You may want to try one pair to see if that helps before doing all of them. (Or wait for someone to give a more authoritative answer instead of a guess/suggestion.)
2. Those hurricane clips look nice, but they provide minimal stiffness along the rafter direction.
   1. A rafter tie like this would probably work better.
      ^{Image courtesy of Lowes.com. No endorsement implied or expressed}
   2. Yes, this one is ugly, but they make nice ones for visible work.
   3. Adding a 2nd hurricane clip between the rafter and other joist may help improve the stiffness.
3. Unfortunately, I think the biggest issue is actually the most difficult to solve. I don't think that surface mounting the posts with those connectors is sufficient.
   1. I took a look at the web-site for the brand you mentioned and they seem reasonably beefy, but they seem to be targeted more at railing posts than pergolas.
   2. I mounted 2 short posts to my concrete steps with similar (though admittedly not as beefy) surface mounts and the posts wobbled horribly. I ended up removing them and half-lapping the post off the edge of the step and bolting it horizontally. Now it's rock solid.
   3. I'd think you would have been better served by burying 1/3 of the post in concrete rather than trying to mount them on top. Unfortunately, this is a major rebuild at this point - hopefully someone will have a simpler solution.

Finally, it does appear from the video that there is a fair bit of wobble. How hard do you have to work to produce that wobble? Is it obviously evident from just casually leaning against a post, or do you have to put both hands on it and give it the ol' college try?

If you have to work hard to get that wiggle going, it may be sufficient to just leave it as is. If it wobbles like that from a stiff breeze blowing, then you'll probably want to do some strengthening.

Answer 2

you have to bury the post in concrete. then they will be stable. the post will rot in 20 years. But it will be stable. Those metal post brackets are only for when you tie a deck to a existing house/building.

Answer 3

A trellis or handrail can double as bracing. There's a natural high step at the corner posts by the stairs where you could add a stiffening trellis or handrail.