+1 for this. Additionally, check any light switches you might have installed. I had a similar issue with a "split" light switch (takes up the footprint of a single light switch, but has 2 switches attached" that was bridged and I didn't realize it. I was connecting two hot wires to one another and triggering the breaker as soon as I turned on power. The solution was to remove a bridge that I didn't realize the switch had enabled by default. Could be something similar for OP.

@RaulPadilla I'm an amateur, so if someone contradicts me, I immediately concede that they are correct and I am wrong. That being said-- most likely you have a common neutral wire between your switch and your electrical outlets. Theoretically, one of the white neutral wires should have connected to a source location, and using it should have made your new switch work. I believe it daisy chains through the light switch to the outlets, and that is why disconnecting them caused the outlets to stop working. (Again, I welcome corrections by more knowledgeable persons)

Additionally, if you can find a make and model number, do a google search for that + "Owner's manual." You'll probably get a searchable document, and you may be able to find the OEM's documentation on where the control board is.