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I mixed 1:1.5:3 by hand and using a bucket. I mixed the concrete on a plastic sheet but on hard soil not a concrete surface. I am not sure what I have done wrong. The portland cement bag suggested 1:4:3.5. It seems like that people here use more sand than coarse aggregates. I created this pad for a small sliding gate motor. Is it going to have problems? What went wrong? Too little sand?enter image description here

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    Any chance of too little compaction? Have you had a go at it with a tamper, or just dumped it in there and called it a day? The more coarse aggregate you have, the harder the pounding needs to be.
    – TooTea
    Commented May 14, 2021 at 9:39
  • I just dumped it and moved it a bit with the shovel. Is compaction required for such small projects? I am a beginner.
    – GorillaApe
    Commented May 14, 2021 at 9:55
  • That's exactly what house footings look like. They're poured fairly dry for speed and vibration isn't usually applied. Foundation walls need vibration to close voids, but some typically remain.
    – isherwood
    Commented May 14, 2021 at 12:53
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    Compaction, no. Vibration, yes. You failed to vibrate the air pockets out of it. Most commonly I see people just stab the concrete with a trowel for a few minutes before smoothing out the top of it.
    – MonkeyZeus
    Commented May 14, 2021 at 15:33
  • Practical Engineering has some interesting videos on concrete, doesn't directly answer your question but I'd recommend giving them a watch. Commented May 14, 2021 at 19:03

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If you want no holes, you have to compact it, easiest is with vibration but that needs a special tool. Or you can poke a stick in and out of it for a while. I've had great success by fastening a bit of wood plank on the business end of a vibrating sander and using that as a vibrating float.

Don't worry though, you're not building a suspension bridge, it's not going to come apart. If it was a thin load-bearing shape like a slab, then it would be worrying to have it "pre-fractured" like that, but this is a big chunky block whose only job is to be heavy and take a few screw anchors.

If the holes are an aesthetic problem, you can always cover it with a mortar made with a mix of fine sand and cement, apply like plaster.

For next time:

Since this is not a load bearing item like a slab, you can put in a bit too much water so it flows better. It will be a bit weaker, and have a bit more cracks, none of it matter for what is basically a concrete boat anchor. Or you could mix in some concrete plasticizer, which makes it a lot easier to work with without compromise in solidity, but that's a bit expensive and way overkill for this job.

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  • The simplest poor man's tamper (apart from just jumping in and stomping the hell out of it) might be a length of 4x4 lumber (long enough so that you can do the job comfortably standing up). Thicker blocks of concrete need to be compacted in several passes (dump a layer of concrete in, give it a decent thumping, repeat).
    – TooTea
    Commented May 14, 2021 at 11:45
  • Would a different mix like the one that local contractors use with more sand than coarse aggregates would require less compaction? I am saying that because I have seen pros pouring concrete and they do no bother at all with compaction. I have some concrete repair ready mix so I may cover the sides. However this will be backfilled. I am afraid if drilling this would crack my concrete
    – GorillaApe
    Commented May 14, 2021 at 11:49
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    "I have seen pros pouring concrete and they do no bother at all with compaction", that is almost certainly not the case. You either missed it, or didn't recognize their actions as compaction.
    – longneck
    Commented May 14, 2021 at 11:54
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    If you didn't see the pros compact a slab, it probably had some plasticizer in it so they just run a vibrating screed and it sets in just like magic.
    – bobflux
    Commented May 14, 2021 at 15:30
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    @TooTea another way to vibrate the mix is to tap the outside of the boxing with a hammer, not hard but repeatedly all over. This is one time when it is practical to dual-wield hammers for double the effect.
    – Criggie
    Commented May 15, 2021 at 1:04

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