Looking at the photo, here's what you need to do:
Connect the Gold screw on the outlet to the small black loop of wire on the switch
Connect the Silver screw on the outlet to the two white wires (that are twisted together)
Connect the Green screw to the bare copper wire.
This will place the outlet on the same circuit, but independent of the switch, i.e., the switch doesn't turn the outlet on and off.
Basically, wherever you go, black is hot, white is neutral, and bare/green is ground (for AC at least). And remember, if you hook something up wrong, it's just trip the breaker so don't worry. You can't break anything you can't fix.