Cinderblocks are different breeds. They are soft and porous. They are designed to absorb and adhere to mortar.
Concrete has completly different chartacteristics. You can not use mortar to make them adhere with each other.
However, is it possible to make it happen. Yes.
First the hard part. Drill at least one hole if not two in each block. Insert rebaar through both, leaving enough space for the mixture.
To make mixture:
Purchase concrete bonding agent and mix it with just cement and sand. Make sure it is thick and before you apply, wet your concrete block.
Now, a more costlier way.
There are products called concrete patch and each have different characteristics. They are not cheap. Also fast setting. Nonetheless pay attention to purchase the breed that applies to vertical applicatin.
(CONCRETE PATCH VERTICAL APPLICATOIN)
And there you have it.
Take care.
If you like to spend money on adhesives, one that comes to mind is Adiseal. It will stick to concrete and more.