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Our washing machine is starting intermittently, and based on a light film the color of rust/oil below the machine, I suspect lubrication is starting to wear out and increasing friction. The 1/2 HP motor doesn't come with a start or run capacitor, although the washing machine circuit diagram indicates a capacitor is included for export models only.
i don't think you're going to improve the washer. It's a washer. People don't hot-rod them. Moroso isn't going to make a "turbo" capacitor for it, and even if they tried it is unlikely UL would list it.
The sad reality is that this washer has an actual problem that needs repair... or can be deemed "at the end of its service life" depending on how much engineering you're willing to put into it.
Start by lubricating the moving parts.
Check the belt tension.
Try running in empty mode.
If you choose Start capacitor it has to be in a circuit that disconnects the capacitor after start otherwise the motor will suffer.
Per your schematic you do have the Centrifugal switch (Cent SW) to turn off the start capacitor.
You are all set, so get a capacitor.
Start capacitors are usual 50uF or larger.
The run capacitors are 5uF range.
