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Good morning all,

I recently got into DIY and one of the first projects I undertook was to rebuild the door and frame for a small outdoor cupboard / shed on our balcony. Right from the start, I couldn't quite get the door to be straight, but it wasn't off by much. I've used European oak boards with groove and tongue, 20mm thick. I added 20mm thick and 110mm wide oak boards to the back as a frame in a ledged & braced fashion. I left a bit of space between the interlocking boards and made sure not to glue the frame to the front, using screws only. I applied three coats of clear wood stain to all of the pieces of wood used. I did not use drill larger holes for the screws than the screw diameter, as I was not aware of this advice prior to building the door. Now, I would be worried that enlarging the screw holes will make positioning the door to properly fit in the frame difficult. As it is made of oak, the door is already very heavy (for a next time, I'll consider something more light-weight!).

The door Inside of the door

With the weather turning colder and wetter, I've noticed the door has been becoming wider: I've had to plane of a couple mm along the side to make sure it can continue to open and close. More problematically, the door has also started to warp to the point that the top left corner is almost sticking out from under the frame. It remains functional, but I specifically tried to build the frame and place the door within it so that rain water would not be able to drip on the top of the door or get in the shed proper. If it warps more, this won't be the case anymore!

Warp across breadth of door (moren noticeable IRL Warp across length of door, corner starting to stick out from frame

I've enjoyed learning about simple carpentry work, but hope I can avoid having to make a second attempt at this door in the near future. So my question is, do you have any advice on how I can manage the warping or what I can do to improve the door design? I've attached some pictures for greater clarity.

Any advice offered would be much appreciated!

Thanks and best wishes from the Netherlands.

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    I'll point you to this answer for some info on warpage, though you don't have the glue issue. Take note of the section on elongating the holes to allow for wood movement - did you do that? Some might consider this a duplicate of that question. Please edit your post to tell us what kind of finish you put on the wood.
    – FreeMan
    Nov 7, 2021 at 13:24
  • Thank you for your quick reply. I did indeed come across that post, but since I did not use glue and because the warping appears mostly localised in one spot, I hoped it would warrant a separate question. Have edited the post as you suggested.
    – Bart
    Nov 7, 2021 at 13:34
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    Looks like oak, and at one point you say oak, but you also say European pine earlier. can you edit to clarify that? The warpage shown in the third picture is pretty classic - the cross-brace length stays essentially the same, while the face boards swell wider (because that's the way wood works) and the warpage shown results because the face is now wider than the back-brace.
    – Ecnerwal
    Nov 7, 2021 at 13:49
  • Apologies, I did indeed mean oak rather than pine! Do you think that making the screw-holes slightly larger would have helped prevent this warping in the third picture that you refer to?
    – Bart
    Nov 7, 2021 at 13:52
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    Bolt some angle iron to the backside of the door. You'll pull the door flat in the process of tightening the bolts. Will never warp again. Don't even have to remove the door. Angle iron is relatively 'soft' metal. I.e. easy to cut and drill. Any hardware store will have it.
    – Kyle B
    Nov 7, 2021 at 23:21

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Honestly, it looks like that horizontal brace in the penultimate picture has bowed and is pulling the door panel with it, as shown by the thin red line at the top of the modified image, below. I would suggest unscrewing it from the door and laying it on a flat surface to see how bad it is. I would venture to say that as you release the screws the door panel will straighten back up.

If that horizontal brace has in fact bowed, I would suggest that you replace it with two thinner pieces. As is illustrated by the green lines, the grain of the board is curved inwards on this brace. If you replace it with two thinner boards, have one with the grain curving in and the other with the grain curving out (as demonstrated by the two very poorly drawn light blue lines). This way, each of the horizontal brace's natural tendency to want to warp will, more or less, offset the other's and it will stay mostly flat.

annotated image of OP's pic showing the bow in the top brace

If you, or a friend/maker space/whatever have a bandsaw, you could install a wide, "resaw" blade and resaw your existing board. By cutting it in half vertically (as it's shown in this picture, you can reuse this particular board instead of having to replace it. As you cut it, some of the bend may flatten out naturally as the tension in the board is released. Even if the two pieces don't completely flatten, you can, once you've resawn it, flip one piece so that the curve of the grain goes in the opposite direction on the two pieces, then glue it together that way to make one board out of it again. I would suggest that you'd want to set it on the flattest surface (not necessarily level, just flat) you can find and use a lot of weights as your clamp force. When it's dry it will have taken on whatever shape it was bent to as the glue dried, so you do want this to be pretty flat.

Additionally, you will want to slightly oversize the holes in all the horizontal braces to allow for expansion & contraction of the boards that make up the door slab. You want to make clearance holes (i.e. a bit that's just a fraction larger than the screw thread diameter) so that the threads do not engage with the brace board. Once you've got the hole drilled straight through the board, rock the bit side-to-side (along the length of the brace board) to make it slightly oval shaped.

As you tighten the screws back down, the head of the screw will clamp against the back of the brace, while the screws grab into the slab. This will allow the screw to slide ever so slightly within the brace board as the boards of the slab expand and contract as the temperature changes.

You may also want to consider slightly oversizing the holes in the vertical boards of the slab where the hinge strap bolts go through. Again, you'll want clearance for the bolt and enough room for the slab boards to expand as they're clamped between the metal hinge strap and the horizontal brace on the back.

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    Plenty of fine "oak and iron" church doors around for long periods of time, it's really not a materials problem.
    – Ecnerwal
    Nov 7, 2021 at 15:55
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    It's going to have more to do with "this particular piece of <insert wood here>" any particular species of wood. Also, while you cannot completely seal wood (without the high expense of multiple layers of marine-grade varnish), you do want to put something on it to protect it from the weather, and you'll need to renew it on a regular schedule.
    – FreeMan
    Nov 7, 2021 at 17:42
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    @Bart also, I would suggest that you assemble the door to the hinges with the bolts the other way 'round. Usually the round head of the carriage bolt goes on the outside and the nut goes on the inside. This way, there's nothing presented to a thief who is trying to get in. The way you have it, a simple wrench will allow the door to be unbolted from the hinges. OTOH, you appear to be several floors up, and the simple barrel lock isn't the most secure thing in the world, so security isn't your top priority. IMHO, it also looks cleaner with the smooth bolt heads outside and nuts inside.
    – FreeMan
    Nov 8, 2021 at 11:59
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    I disagree with your opening assertion. That door is warped because it's exposed to moisture outside, and not inside. The face has expanded.
    – isherwood
    Nov 8, 2021 at 19:59
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    You may be correct. If the OP follows the advice given (remove the hoizontal), he will determine which actually warped. Continuing to follow the advice by enlarging the holes to allow for expansion should prevent it from happening again. If the horizontal braces are flat, the bits about resawing/gluing back together and having the grain cup against each other could be skipped.
    – FreeMan
    Nov 8, 2021 at 20:45
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The classical approach to this would be that you have 7 face boards. The center one gets holes that just fit the screws, the ones to either side get small slots (width-of-door-wise) and the outer ones get the longest slots (width-of-door wise) so that the boards are more free to shrink and swell without forcing the bracing to bend. Or, the one at the hinge side gets the tight holes, and the slots just get longer towards the latch edge (because it's the easier one to plane as the door swells, until you have planed it to fit at its maximum wetness and width.)

You could potentially make those slots one at a time without disassembling the door, using a small chisel or a router. remove one screw at a time, slot the hole it was in, replace it, repeat.

A possible "quick mitigation" for rain getting on the upper corner would be to move your latch higher, to force the upper left corner in more.

Another option would be to extend the upper trim to make more of a rain-shedding lip, preferably including a detail (a drip edge, or drip cap so called) to prevent rain running back along the bottom of that trim into the door area, which your present trim appears to lack. The groove near the front edge helps force the water to fall off, not run back to the building. There are also similar metal or plastic flashings that serve the same function, while not looking like the solid wood or plastic version shown below.

image from grand banks building products, no endorsement implied

Those are typically 2.5-4 cm projection from the face of the building.

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  • Thanks a lot for your detailed response! To start with your last suggestion first: the frame has a drip edge along top and bottom, which is why I wanted to set the door back (you can just barely see the top one in the last picture). I will look into your solutions for keeping rain off if the warping continues. As for the slots: just so I get it right: this would concern the screws only, right? Not the bolts? And the slot would only be in the frame, so the screw still has enough grip onto in the front facing planks? I don't have a router, would a larger drill bit work? Say 1 mm more?
    – Bart
    Nov 7, 2021 at 15:29
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    Just the frame, for the screws holding the face boards. Better to use a small round file to slot the holes if chiseling or routing are not an option. The holes for the hinge bolts should also be somewhat slotted, again, using a round file may be easiest - there, the holes in the face boards need slots more than the holes in the frame board (as the frame board and hinge both won't move much in that direction, but the face boards will.)
    – Ecnerwal
    Nov 7, 2021 at 15:52
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    +1 to something that moves water. It could be as simple as an L shaped chunk of aluminum tucked under the trim head and projecting past the door. Handsome door, by the way.
    – Aloysius Defenestrate
    Nov 7, 2021 at 17:57
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    +1 for the drip strip. As I read through, I first thought that whatever reparations were done, they wouldn't solve the cause of the problem - water ingress straight to the edge of the wood - a raw edge, I suspect, not sealed.
    – Tim
    Nov 8, 2021 at 10:36
  • @Ecnerwal, thanks for the detailed suggestions. I've ordered the required files, will try this out when I next have a spare afternoon! Tim: all edges have been sealed with at least 3 coats of varnish / stain (not sure of the correct translation). And the drip strip works pretty well. My sense is that either the moisture still works its way in through the front facing wood (it's been very wet here recently) or it's simply also affected by overall air humidity.
    – Bart
    Nov 10, 2021 at 19:58
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Yes Sure, To straighten warped wood, and then soak in water. Or if you can't submerse them, put a wet cloth on the inside of the warp curve, and soak until straight. And, once it is finalized then seal the grain against future water and the wood glue will stay in there and never warp again, stronger than the piece would be originally.

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