If the water problem is primarily just right at the one end, you could cut a shallow triangular piece of plexiglass, with a nice stylish curve if you like, and glue it into the corner with silicone sealant. It will also stop splash water that seems to get around the curtain end. It looks more purposeful than some stuff gooped near the edge. It can be removed as much as any silicone can be removed.
Something like this should work...
You can cut plexiglass much as you'd cut thin plywood, and the edges can be sanded to be smooth and slightly rounded. Similar products might be found already manufactured, ready to be glued in place.
You'll still want to mop up any standing water or water mineral deposits will develop. Nice perspective drawing of your situation btw!