A combination of my "vacuum near drill point" answer and @mrks' mini-vacuum Karcher device answer: You can get a (hopefully) universal vacuum cleaner collector attachment for collecting drilling dust:
and then you can use your large independent vacuum cleaner; the head should attach to the surface you're drilling into by the force of the vacuum:
However, with somemany of these attachments, you lose visibility of the drilling point. I wonder why they can't make them using clear plastic.