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I am thinking of building some MDF build-in bookcases, dado joints are clearly stronger but creates lots of mess from a router and takes more time.

As the book case will be painted, I can hide any screw heads, so that is not an issue.

I see 4 options:

  • Just screw and glue the shelves to both the sides and back.
  • Dado, screw and glue the shelves to both the sides and back.
  • Dado to side, screw to back.
  • I could also make “cheat” Dados by gluing 6mm MDF onto 15mm MDF on make the sides

Dado at the back means I need a thicker back that will make then harder to build due to the mass. However I don’t know if screw joints into the end grain of MDF are strong enough, I am thinking of using 18mm MDF for the sites and 30mm MDF for the shelfs.

I am thinking of using spax MDF screws as they don't need predrilling etc.

(I am not asking this on a woodworking site as I do not have great woodworking stills and care more about the result then the process.)

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  • What dimensions will the bookshelf have? Specifically, how wide will the shelves be?
    – aphoria
    Oct 25, 2012 at 11:39
  • @aphoria, the shelfs will be comething like 30cm by 90cm, details still to be decided
    – Walker
    Oct 25, 2012 at 12:32

4 Answers 4

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I built a bookcase from 3/4" (19 mm) MDF back in 1985 to hold heavy, oversize college textbooks. It's three feet wide with two twelve inch deep, fourteen inch tall shelves. It has not bowed under the weight in 27 years. The shelves are are attached to the side uprights with four screws on each end. The back is 1/8" masonite, well secured with screws. 1.5 inch rails attach the end boards at the bottom also at the back of the top.

Judging from the stability of the bookcase under heavy load for a quarter century, I'd say that dados are not necessary.

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    Thanks, did you just screws into the end of the MDF shelfs thougth the sides? (Or did you use some blocks under the end of the shelfs)
    – Walker
    Oct 25, 2012 at 12:36
  • Just long screws (I think 2.5" drywall) through the sides and into the shelves, no blocks.
    – Wayfaring Stranger
    Oct 25, 2012 at 14:41
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There's many variables, many choices. You could just slam some screws into the shelf edges and it may be adequate. Pocket screws are a big improvement because you are no longer screwing into the panel edges. They work really well in cabinet face frames because there is plenty of room for screw embedment. For a bookcase, embedment is limited, so you should plan on more screws to get adequate strength.

You can get more strength by providing support along the back, but the gain is marginal since the front will remain unsupported. The extra cost and weight of a structural back are typically not worth the gain in strength for bookcases.

Another problem with simple butt joints is the glue strength contributes to much less or even none of the overall strength, depending on the type of glue used. This is because butt joints move quite a bit under load, eventually breaking either the glue itself or the bond. Dados greatly restrict the joint movement, allowing glue to contribute a significant portion of the strength. Not to mention the huge strength from the continuous edge support.

But dados require a lot more work. A good compromise is the placement of cleats under the shelf ends, combined with the edge or pocket screws you would typically have used anyway. Nail or screw gluing cleats makes a very strong joint to the side support. The cleat does not move, so the glue bond is significant. The cleat does not need to be very thick, most of the strength is simply the continuous edge support. The height of the cleat should be a good amount to maximize the glue bond area. Use enough fasteners to fully clamp the cleat as the glue sets. Such a cleat reduces the number of edge or pocket screws you need from enough to support everything to enough to hold the shelf in place on the cleat.

Cleats provide much more strength than screws alone, getting you much closer to dado strength. Yet the extra amount of work is minimal, especially considering you'll need fewer edge or pocket screws.

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  • What about dowels (as the outside sides of the bookcases will be hidden, it will easy to just drill the sides and selfs end in one go, so saving needing a jig etc)
    – Walker
    Oct 26, 2012 at 14:36
  • Glued dowels are fairly strong, assuming the butt joint is otherwise tight. With screws, the limitation is the area of MDF supporting the metal. With dowels, the limitation is the shear through the dowel itself. To equal the strength of the cleat, like screws, you'd need a fair number of them. If you were use them in conjunction with cleats, like screws, not so many are needed. In that case, screws are probably easier since you don't need to clamp them while the glue sets. I like the dowels alone solution if cleats are unattractive and you don't mind clamping everything.
    – bcworkz
    Oct 26, 2012 at 20:38
  • one option I may use is two screws and dowels as the screws will remove then need to keep everything clamped.
    – Walker
    Oct 26, 2012 at 21:06
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End-grain gluing does not work very well with MDF, if you want to use glue i would recommend using dados, but with 3/4" mdf it weakens it a lot, maybe gluing 2 planks and then cutting some dados. And if youre going to use screws you need long and coarse thread screws so the mdf doesn't get damaged.

But there's an easier way than using screws: shelve pins

shelve pin

These industrial looking pins can be found like this or plastic and they come in diferent colors, you only have to make a little hole and thats it.

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Kreg Pocket Hole Jig

If you are willing to invest a little, I would consider pocket screws.

The joint will be considerably stronger than edge-screwing. Just drill the pocket holes, apply glue, and screw together.

This joinery method is perfect for a novice woodworker. Simple, almost impossible to mess up, and does not require precision or specialized skills.

I have used them to build several bookcases (among many other things) with good results.

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  • Why are pocket screws stronger than screwing through the outside of the side into the end of the shelf?
    – Hank
    Oct 25, 2012 at 16:48
  • Thinking about it, the statement about the strength advantage is probably not entirely accurate for MDF. Edge screwing into plywood or solid wood provides poor "pull-apart" strength. For MDF, there is really not a significant difference in this number. However, the pocket joint will still be advantageous in this case. The screw head will not "mushroom" the edge around the countersink, and the pocket screws tend to pull a joint tight without extra clamping.
    – James Van Huis
    Oct 25, 2012 at 19:22
  • You also have to be concerned about the MDF splitting when you are screwing into the edge.
    – James Van Huis
    Oct 25, 2012 at 21:40

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